DeReFrame: a design-research framework to study game mechanics and game aesthetics in an engineering design process
Abstract
The main aim of this research is to study gaming techniques and elements that may
potentially be beneficial to the future development of CAD systems for engineering
design, in particular to maintain cognitive engagement. A design-research framework,
called DeReFrame, was employed to construct an experimental game-based CAD
framework exploring this. This research is based on reviews from the literature and
experimental studies and include quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods
measuring engineers’ performance and emotional responses.
The thesis presents the construction process of the framework (DeReframe) to study a
set of game mechanics and game aesthetics in an engineering design process and
compare this with the traditional CAD. The framework was used to design and
implement a game-based CAD system, called ICAD which was embedded with the
following game mechanics of Directional Goals, Progression, Performance-Feedback and
Rewards-Achievement.
The DeReFrame and ICAD evolved through the experimental studies. In each case,
selected game mechanics were at the core of each interaction and iteration which gave
rise to feelings of progress, competence and mastery. The final results from the
DeReFrame framework and ICAD indicated that gamified approaches should be included
in engineering design with CAD: in particular the game mechanics of performance
feedback and rewards-achievements influence engineers’ behaviour by supporting
them within the problem-solving process creating an engaging-challenging interaction.
In conclusion, this research has shown that a framework, that includes both engineering
requirements and gamified aspects into consideration, cam serve as a basis for
implementing game-based CAD to facilitate performance by providing engaging
experiences for engineers.